To ensure accurate pulse signal sensing at the edge with low power, a novel silicon-integrated mixer-enabled adaptive sensing platform is proposed. Based on the innovative chip architecture composed of the low-power ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and current-bleeding mixer on-chip, the wideband pulse signal would be mixed with the sinusoidal LO signal generated by VCO and detected by low-pass filtering and further digital processing. The frequency of the VCO can be configured flexibly by the FPGA to cover different pulse detection scenarios. Moreover, the VGA and the LPF are flexibly configurable to meet the link budget requirements and ensure accurate and adaptable detection covering various scenarios. Based on the systematic theoretical evaluation of the novel flexible sensing chip architecture, target pulse signals can be detected, exploring the capability of the efficient chip-based edge pulse detection system to be deployed for applications such as sustainable power electronics monitoring, ultrasound sensing, and so on.