Near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery offers to highlight tumors during cancer surgery using fluorescent markers and specialized cameras, but the state-of-the-art single-chip image sensors that are practically required cannot provide sufficient dynamic range for demanding surgical environments. To solve this problem while cutting costs, minimizing size, and guaranteeing co-registration, we have monolithically integrated arrays of forward-biased photodiodes and interference filters to provide logarithmic photoresponse across three color and one near-infrared channel. This snapshot multispectral camera provides a dynamic range of ~140 dB and a signal-to-noise ratio of ~56 dB, enabling detection of <50 nM of the clinically-relevant fluorescent dye indocyanine green.