Water is clearly a fundamental resource for mankind, key in the agrifood domain in multiple scenarios: from freshwater management of natural resources to urban (drinking) and rural (irrigation, farming) applications.

In this lecture we will review sensors and electronic circuits used to monitor several parameters of water distributed in pipelines for human use, from pressure, flow-rate, leakage, pipe health to conductivity and other electrochemical parameters. The main architectures for distributed and wireless networks of monitoring nodes will be presented, with special focus on self-diagnostics, low-power design and novel applications of impedance sensors.