The compute demands of AI and robotics continue to rise due to the rapidly growing volume of data to be processed; the increasingly complex algorithms for higher quality of results; and the demands for energy efficiency and real-time performance. In this talk, we will discuss the design of efficient hardware accelerators and the co-design of algorithms and hardware that reduce the energy consumption while delivering real-time and robust performance for applications including deep neural networks and autonomous navigation. We will also highlight important design principles, methodology, and tools that can facilitate an effective design process.